Social Theories

Social Theories

Social Capital Theory: Robert Putnam, Bonds, Bridges, and Civic Engagement

Social capital theory, popularized by Robert Putnam, explores how relationships and networks foster societal cohesion. It includes bonds (close ties), bridges (connections to diverse groups), and linkages (hierarchical connections). Putnam’s research, particularly in “Bowling Alone,” highlights the decline of civic engagement and community ties, impacting social dynamics in modern America.

Social Theories

GEMEINSCHAFT AND GESELLSCHAFT(COMMUNITY AND SOCIETY)

Ferdinand Tönnies’ pivotal work, Gemeinschaft and Gesellschaft, published in 1887, analyzes traditional versus modern societies. He distinguishes Gemeinschaft, community based on familial bonds, from Gesellschaft, a more impersonal capitalist society. Tönnies’ ideas on “will” shaped sociological thought, influencing later theorists like Weber and Durkheim despite his conservative views on modernity.

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