Last Updated on June 29, 2025 by Karl Thompson
Examine the impact of globalisation on development through trade, culture, and inequality. Includes key sociological theories and case study examples.
What is Globalisation?
Globalisation is a complex and contested concept. At its core, it refers to the growing global interconnectedness of societies, economies, and cultures. For definitions and key features, see Globalisation – Key Concepts and Definitions
Causes of Globalisation
Several factors have contributed to the rise of globalisation:
- Technological advances in communication and transport
- Neoliberal policies and global trade agreements
- The rise of multinational/transnational corporations
For further insight please see Factors Contributing to Globalisation – This is a relatively neutral account of the technological, economic and cultural factors which have contributed to globalisation from Anthony Giddens.
Dimensions of Globalisation
Sociologists generally refer to three dimensions, or three types of globalisation:
- Economic Globalisation: Global trade, finance, and the power of corporations. See What is Economic Globalisation?
- Cultural Globalisation: The global spread of culture, ideas, and consumption patterns. Visit Cultural Globalisation.
- Political Globalisation: The growing influence of international organisations. See What is Political Globalisation?
Perspectives on Globalisation and development
Sociologists debate whether globalisation is a force for good or inequality:
- The Optimist View – Optimists believe that increasing globalisation is beneficial for most people. It benefits the majority of countries.
- Kenichi Ohmae – Radical Hyper-Globalism – A good example of an optimistic globalist stand point
- The Pessimist View – Associated with Marxism and Dependency Theory, the process is about increasing exploitation and inequality.
- The Transformationalist View – probably the most sensible view. It’s a complex two-way process in which new cultural forms are continually emerging and transforming.
- The Traditionalist View – globalisation has been exaggerated. Some regions of the world are largely excluded from global processes. It might be more accurate to talk of regionalisation.
Does Globalisation Undermine the Nation State?
There are some global problems which require global co-ordination to tackle – such as global warming. This could mean the power of nation states to simply do their own thing is declining. However, there is also an argument that nation states are vital institutions. They tackle global problems and help people adjust to the changes brought about by globalisation. Explore this debate in Does Globalisation Mean the Decline of the Nation State?
🔙 Explore the Full Topic: Globalisation & Global Development
This page is part of the broader A-level sociology topic on global development. To explore more—including theories of development, global inequality, aid, and sustainability—visit the main Globalisation and Global Development page for a full overview and access to all related posts and revision materials