School factors include teacher labelling, banding and streaming, school ethos and pupil subcultures. Although home factors are generally more important in explaining differences in achievement
The Prevent Agenda is a recent social policy which requires schools (among other public bodies) to assist the government in
It would seem that the notion of ethnic minorities underachieving is rapidly becoming a thing of the past. If you
Black and Asian Muslim children are less likely to get professional jobs, despite doing better at school, according to an
This post contains two examples of possible 4/6 mark ‘outline and explain’ questions which may come up on the AQA’s
This summary discusses Paul Gilroy’s Anti-Racist Theory of Crime, which challenges the idea of “black criminality” as a myth created by police stereotyping and racist labeling. Gilroy attributes crime among Black British ethnic groups to the resistance against White dominance and colonial struggle. However, it is criticized for romanticizing criminals and overlooking certain aspects by Lea and Young.
Neo-Marxism integrates Marxist and Interactionist theories to analyze the portrayal of ethnic minorities as criminals by the media and state. Stuart Hall’s “Policing the Crisis” demonstrates how a moral panic about mugging in the 1970s diverted attention from economic issues, ultimately perpetuating the criminalization of black youth. This perspective is significant in A-level sociology’s Crime and Deviance module.
Left realists Lea and Young argue that marginalization, relative deprivation, and subcultures are key causes of crime, particularly for ethnic minorities who face higher levels of deprivation and marginalization. Official statistics show that black and Asian people are more likely to suffer from social exclusion and deprivation, leading to higher rates of crime involvement and victimization. This supports Left Realism, but other factors must also be considered.
Official statistics reveal higher crime rates among Black individuals and lower rates among Asians. Sociologists attribute these differences to cultural factors, such as single parenthood in Black households and higher marriage rates in Asian families. However, critics argue that these explanations oversimplify complex social realities and neglect structural and systemic influences on criminal behavior.
A summary of how ethnic minorities are over-represented at different stages of the criminal ‘justice’ process in England and Wales